Bill of Attainder Definition

A bill of attainder – sometimes called an act or writ of attainder or an ex-post facto law – is an act of a government’s legislature that declares a person or group of persons guilty of a crime and prescribing their punishment without the benefit of a trial or judicial hearing. The practical effect of a bill of attainder is to deny accused person’s civil rights and liberties. Article I, Section 9, paragraph 3, of the U.S. Constitution prohibits the enactment of bills of attainder, stating, â€Å"No Bill of Attainder or ex-post facto Law will be passed.† Key Takeaways: Bills of Attainder Bills of attainder, or ex-post-facto laws, are acts of Congress that declare a person or persons guilty of a crime without a trial or judicial hearing.As a part of English Common Law, monarchs often used bills of attainder to deny a person’s right to own property, the right to a title of nobility, or even right to life.Arbitrary British enforcement of bills of attainder on American colonists was a motivation for the Declaration of Independence and the American Revolution.As direct denials of civil rights and liberties, bills of attainder are prohibited by Article I, Section 9 of the U.S. Constitution.The individual U.S. states are similarly prohibited from passing bills of attainder on their citizens by Article I, Section 10 of the U.S. Constitution.   Origin of Bills of Attainder Bills of attainder were originally part of English Common Law and were typically used by the monarchy to deny a person’s right to own property, the right to a title of nobility, or even right to life. Records from the English Parliament show that on January 29, 1542, Henry VIII secured bills of attainder that resulted in the executions of a number people holding titles of nobility. While the English Common Law right of habeas corpus guaranteed fair trials by a jury, a bill of attainder completely bypassed the judicial procedure. Despite their obviously unfair nature, bills of attainder were not banned throughout the United Kingdom until 1870. US Constitutional Ban of Bills of Attainder As a feature of English law at the time, bills of attainder were often enforced against residents of the thirteen American colonies. Indeed, outrage over the enforcement of bills attainder in the colonies was one of the motivations for the Declaration of Independence and the American Revolution. The dissatisfaction of Americans with British attainder laws resulted in their being prohibited in the U.S. Constitution ratified in 1789. As James Madison wrote on January 25, 1788, in the Federalist Papers Number 44, â€Å"Bills of attainder, ex-post facto laws, and laws impairing the obligations of contracts, are contrary to the first principles of the social compact, and to every principle of sound legislation. ... The sober people of America are weary of the fluctuating policy which has directed the public councils. They have seen with regret and indignation that sudden changes and legislative interferences, in cases affecting personal rights, become jobs in the hands of enterprising and influential speculators, and snares to the more-industrious and less-informed part of the community.† The Constitution’s ban of the use of bills of attainder by the federal government contained in Article I, Section 9 was considered so important by the Founding Fathers, that a provision banning state law bills of attainder was included in the first clause of ​Article I, Section 10. The Constitution’s bans of bills of attainder at both the federal and state level serve two purposes: They enforce the fundamental doctrine of separation of powers by forbidding the legislative branch from performing functions constitutionally delegated to the judicial or executive branch.  They embody the protections of due process of law expressed in the Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments. Along with the U.S. Constitution, the constitutions of ever state expressly forbid bills of attainder. For example, Article I, Section 12 of the constitution of the State of Wisconsin reads, â€Å"No bill of attainder, ex-post facto law, nor any law impairing the obligation of contracts, shall ever be passed, and no conviction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate.† Sources and Further Reference Saunders, Thomas M. â€Å"Defining Bills of Attainder.† The Bill of Attainder Project. Lipson, Barry J. â€Å"Bill of Attainder: Trial by Legislature.† Federally Speaking (Number 36).

The Guantanamo Bay Detention Center - 1262 Words

On a hot summer day in July, I’ve flown all the way to Cuba not for the sights, but I’ve been given the opportunity to interview one of the contributors behind the terrorist plot that struck the nation back in 2001. The plot I’m referring to the was the infamous â€Å"9/11† attack which struck so many Americans at their very core as this was the largest known terrorist plot to ever hit the United States. On that frightful day, there were approximately 3,000 people who perished on September 11 and another 18,000 victims who, till this day are suffering injuries due to dust inhalation from the towers collapsing. As I proceed through numerous checkpoints to enter one of the most secured military facilities, many inmates, as well as America,†¦show more content†¦The base was originally intended to house Haitian and Cuban refugees prior to GITMO being declared unconstitutional in 1993, but since 2002 however, the base has been largely used as a dete ntion center or prison camp for detainees who were considered enemy combatants and for whom normal legal rules and protections did not apply. Now that I finally made it past the perimeter, I was escorted to a open waiting area similar to what is seen in many correctional institutes where family members are ushered in to see their loves ones during visiting hours. I sat there waiting to meet with Omar Al-Bayoumi, a Saudi man who had been living in the United States for several years and he is also known as the â€Å"front man† who helped orchestrate the attack on â€Å"9/11†. A few moments later, I witness Omar being escorted into the waiting area by two military members. Omar is dressed in one of the orange jumpsuits many of the inmates are made to wear, along with the Quran in his right hand. Once Omar and I were face to face, I introduced myself as a reported with Time Magazine and I thanked him for meeting with me. Surprisingly Omar was pleasant and friendly upon our encounter, given the circumstances and welcomed the opportunity to speak with me and answer all of my questions for the duration of the interview. We both sat down and I conducted my interview by asking a few basic questions in order for me to discover what type of man Omar was. I

Organisation and Behaviour

It is known that the Tesco leaders must be inspirational creative and innovative. They should be able to embrace the changes as it can help in achieving the long-term vision of the organisation. The effective leaders can manage by examples and they also develop their teams. In Tesco wide range of roles and responsibilities are provided to the leaders and that can also help the employees in progressing within the company (A, 2013). Here various aspects of the leadership and organisational behaviour can be illustrated for Tesco. Task 1: 1.Question-Research the different leadership style within the Tesco's Organisation.identify 3 different style and compare their effectiveness at achieving the organisation's goals? Answer- There are various leadership styles that are maintained in Tesco. Here three distinct leadership styles can be seen. The first style is the autocratic or the authoritarian style and I tell is the main philosophy or the characteristic of the style. Here clear direction is given by the leaders and the subordinates follow the decision. Another approach of leadership that can be very effective is democratic approach of leadership. Here the philosophy is I share and each member have equal input in the operations. This type of leadership empowers the subordinates and thus it increases the motivation of the employees. Another leadership style is the Laissez-faire which is the hands-off approach. In this style the teams are trusted for making the right decisions and taking the correct actions. Here it can be said that each leadership styles can be very effective in achieving the goals of the organisation (Arvinen-Muondo Perkins, 2013). The autocratic leadership can be effective in terms of the authoritarian strategy as it can make things done effectively and there can be centralisation of the power The democratic style of leadership can increase the motivation of the employees and thus it can increase the productivity and can help in achieving the organisational goals. The Laissez faire can also be very effective as the knowledge of the employees is trusted and that can increase their productivity. 2.Question-Evaluate the different approaches used by Tesco's competitors and compare their effectiveness against Tesco? Answer Tesco is the leading retailer in the UK and one of the top retailers in the world. The main competitor of Tesco is Wal-mart in the local as well as in the global market (Hoovers.com, 2015). In Wal-mart two types of leadership style is seen. These are transactional leadership and transformational leadership style. Mr Sam Walton, the founder of Wal-mart believed in the core value of the transformational leadership as he believed that it can significantly contribute in the success of the organisation (Business, Political, and Cultural News in Fort Smith and Northwest Arkansas, 2015). It is known that transformational leadership is one of the effective approaches of leadership where the leaders are charged with identification of the required change and they guide their people with the vision of overall transformation for better. The people are inspired and motivated thus the productivity and effectiveness increases. While the transformational leadership provided the vision and the strate gy to Wal-Mart, the transactional leadership helped in running the daily operations and executing effective strategies for the growth of the company. The transactional leadership is based on the philosophy of punishment and reward (Donlon, 2013). In Wal-Mart high performing individuals are promoted and they motivate employees through such measure.Explain how the developments in management support and underpin Tesco Management today? 3.Question-Explain how the developments in management support and underpin Tesco Management today? Answer In Tesco, the management and the leadership style that is adopted at present is the democratic style. Here it can be said that the management of Tesco has transformed from the initial stage. The management style, practices and the approaches that are implemented in recent years are more effective and efficient. In the democratic style of leadership and management, the voices of the employees are heard and they motivate their employees. Thus it can be said that the management styles and the practices has improved in recent times and the management style that is adopted in years is more effective and it can help in achieving the goals and objectives of the organisation. But the managers still hold the traditional values and they need to be more creative and adaptive to continuous changes (McShane, Travaglione Olekalns, 2012). Task 2: 1.Question-From the leadership style identified in task one.compare the different motivation techniques used by Tesco's leadership and how they respond to the changing shopping trends? Answer There are various motivational techniques that are used by the leaders in Tesco for motivating the employees in order to increase the productivity of the employees. There are several motivational techniques that are used in Tesco for the employees. The rewards and benefits is one of the most effective techniques for motivating the employees. The employees are provided with several monetary and non-monetary rewards for a better performance of the employees (Innes, 2015). They also take into consideration the satisfaction of the employees and they are given the opportunity to give their opinion and views on the job aspects. This can help in evaluating whether the right roles and responsibilities are given to the employees. The organisation also provide better work environment for the employees for motivating them. These motivational techniques also conform with the changing shopping trends as the employees adapt to the changes due to the motivational factors. 2.Question-Compare and contrast four different motivation techniques and using one of the motivation techniques,evaluate the benefits to both the employees and Tesco? Answer Here four different motivational techniques can be compared with one effective motivational technique used in Tesco and the benefits to the employees and the company can be evaluated. The first technique can be effective training. It can be compared with the rewards and benefits. It is known that the training improves the ability and the efficiency of the workers and thus it is beneficial for the professional growth of the employees and it is also good for the company due to increased productivity (McShane, Travaglione Olekalns, 2012). On the other hand, the rewards and benefits can be more effective motivating factor for the employees. Both factors can increase the cost of the company. The second technique is providing better work environment. It is also a motivating factor as the employees can work within a good environment that motivates them but rewards and benefits is more effective than the technique. Both the techniques provide benefits to the employees and the organisation. The third factor can be increasing the responsibilities of the employees. In such context the motivation of the employees can be increased as well but it can work better with some of the employees. The rewards and benefits are more effective factors. The fourth factors can be assessment of the work satisfaction. This can also increase the motivation of the employees as measures are taken in term job satisfaction. This can increase the benefits of the employees. Task3: 1.Question-Explain the differing behaviours and dynamics of groups? Answer The group dynamics and the behaviours can be illustrated here. It is known that a group is the sum of the parts (McShane, Travaglione Olekalns, 2012). The groups are basically formed in order to achieve certain goals and objectives they are disbanded after achieving the goal. There should be good synergy in the group and the decisions must be made within the groups to achieve the ultimate goal. There should not be any form of conflicts within the members and it should be resolved immediately. 2.Question-Select strategies you can use to develop the group to create a high performance team.within your answer you must discuss problems that you may encounter while choosing and developing a team? Answer In order to create a high performance group, various techniques and strategies can be used by the leader. The first strategy should be to know the group and the members very well. Their abilities and nature should be known by the team leader. The second technique should be resolving the conflicts within the team as soon as possible (Docs.oracle.com, 2015). The third strategy should be maintaining effective communication within the team and assigning the jobs to appropriate members. There can be various issues that maybe faced while developing the teams due to the difference in the culture and nature of the employees but it should be resolved by implementing the strategies. 3.Question-Evaluate the use of technology to meet the needs of the diverse geographical workforce of the virtual team? Answer Here various technologies can also be implemented in order to meet the needs of the diverse geographical workforce or the virtual team. Such technologies can include group audio chats or video conferencing using the ICT technologies (Arvinen-Muondo Perkins, 2013). The audio chat tools and the video conferencing software can help in better communication within the teams in various geographical regions for making the decisions and sharing their opinions. In conclusion it can be said that leadership and management is one of the most important aspect in an organisation as it can help in achieving the goals andobjectives of the organisation. In the assignment various aspects of leadership and management in Tesco is shown. Here the features of effective teams are also presented along with the motivational techniques of the employees. References A, M. (2013).Organisational Behaviour. London: Global Professional Publishing Ltd. Arvinen-Muondo, R., Perkins, S. (2013).Organizational behaviour. London: Kogan Page. Business, Political, and Cultural News in Fort Smith and Northwest Arkansas,. (2015).Wal-Mart outlines key leadership, organizational changes. Docs.oracle.com,. (2015).Strategies for Creating Availability Suite Protection Groups - Oracle Solaris Cluster Geographic Edition Data Replication Guide for Oracle Solaris Availability Suite. Donlon, J. (2013).How Walmart Trains Better Leaders | ChiefExecutive.net | Chief Executive magazine.ChiefExecutive.net | Chief Executive magazine. Hoovers.com,. (2015).TESCO PLC Names of Competitors. Retrieved 30 January 2015. Innes, J. (2015).Motivational Techniques - Advice For Executives.The CV Centre. McShane, S., Travaglione, A., Olekalns, M. (2012).Organisational behaviour. North Ryde, N.S.W.: McGraw Hill Australia.

Performing Arts Essays - The K.G.B., Diver Down,

Performing Arts Performing Arts Essay Adam Buckle January 5th 2001 The poem Trying to show and introduce various ways of writing and making music. Introduce Motifs Process of devising and improvising and performing music How we were able to devise and actually write the piece, refer back to examples. Include Melody, Harmony, Timbre, Texture, and Rhythm. Our performed piece was based upon the poem called Amber written by Jennie Fontana. This was our stimulus and my first impression of the poem was of the sea and waves. This was the overriding theme for the piece, which we were to perform. To introduce us to the end piece we had to first understand what it was we were dealing with, in musical terms. We learnt the basic terms of music and what they meant and we tried to create a little piece which demonstrated at least one of characteristics. The piece, which I created, was based upon tempo and pitch. I played a basic set of notes on the keyboard and then speeded them up and then I stopped, (using silence) and then proceeded to step up an octave. I did this three times. Everybody else in the group did this so we could have some sound recognition about what each sounded like. After this we had to be taught simple ways of writing down music in terms that we could understand. I have had previous lessons in guitar so I know the basic chords and notes, however with the class we learnt how to write it in a way that we used numbers and lines, TAB. The way we were taught to right a minimalist form of notation was to produce dots. Say you were using a drum and you were counting your beats, one, two, three, four. And on every third of the four beats you would hit your drum. We would write this down like this: This gave us a way of remembering the rhythm of the piece and who should be playing what were. This was very useful especially with four people playing instruments. We used this form of notation in a piece we created. This was were we all had percussion instruments and had to come up with 4 lines of 4 bars. We had to use the above notation to create the rhythm and the piece. When it came to rehearsing the major problem was keeping time as we all set off at 1-line intervals. So you had other instruments playing a different set of notes as you were trying to concentrate on yours. However we got through that and we performed what I considered a very good piece of exploratory music. We then after that went on to produce Motifs. These are where they can represent something, conjure up something and can be perceived to be an emotion or character. One of the pieces of motif work which we studied was performed and written by Tschaikovsky. This showed how a simple motif could be changed and adapted to take on what would seem like a completely different melody. This was achieved by either quickening the tempo of the piece of music or playing it in different octaves, to produce more sinister sounds if played within a low octave. I produced a motif which was a basic riff on the piano going up and down the notes within one octave played really softly, this was to suggest loneliness. By now we had a fairly good but basic understanding of the basic concepts of music. This then led us to our final piece. As everybody seemed to have a group I went away and did something myself. This didnt work, as I couldnt play everything that I wanted to play and everything that I wanted to perform. I decided to find myself a group and try and pass, on some ideas. This is where I started using the wave idea and thanks to the keyboards memory banks, the keyboard could play wave sounds at different pitch levels this gave us a background and an introduction to a tone, which we could set for the overall piece. The texture of the sound was of smooth cloth of silk with ripples going through it. This was very effective and instantly produced a relaxed

Civil War Unavoidable essays

Civil War Unavoidable essays Was the Civil War un-avoidable? Was there another solution, or was it inevitable? These questions have one definite answer. The answer is Inevitable. What were the causes of the Civil War? Most people think of slaver when that war is mentioned. Even centuries later, we still debate the cause of the Civil War. With most wars, there isnt just one problem, but several complicated issues. The main issue was slavery! President Lincoln wanted to abolish slavery altogether. There was a tremendous amount of political opponents to this. In a speech made by president Lincoln I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free.1 The only problem was: the south needed slavery for their economy. They felt that without slavery, their economy was doomed to fail. Although, slavery was the main cause; some states w anted to secede. They wanted to secede because of two reasons: slavery was needed for the southern economy, and the southern were pro states rights. They thought the federal government and president Lincoln- had too much power. When Lincoln came to office, the confederate states thought they were doomed; although, all Lincoln really wanted to do was stop slavery from expanding into free territories. In 1793, a man by the name of Eli Whitney invented the Cotton Gin. This made it easier to mass produce separated cotton. This invention made southern crops very profitable; all they needed were hands to pick it. This led to increase in slave labor, which perpetuated more civil disobedience in the southern states. The confederate states couldnt just give up slavery outright. They felt it would have ruined the southern economy. They would no longer have the people to pick cotton, and white people thought they were too good for that. The north industrialized, and didnt see the need for slavery anymore. The democratic party was mostly made up of slaveholders. W...

How to Ace the ACT 6 Top Tips for Success

How to Ace the ACT 6 Top Tips for Success SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Getting a stellar ACT score isn't easy. You'll have to put in sufficient study time, and you'll have to employ effective study strategies. So what should you be doing to reachthe top ACT score of your dreams? In this article, I'll explain exactly how to ace the ACT from the methods you need to use in your test prep to the best test-taking tips to maximize your score. What Is Acing the ACT? For the purposes of this article, acing the ACT refers to getting a score over a 30. Getting this score will make you competitive for admission to most colleges, and based on past results, if you get a score higher than 30, you’ll likely score better than 95% of students who take the ACT. To get this score, you’ll only be able to miss a handful of questions on each section. You should be aware that for the most selective colleges, you may need a score of 34 or higher for your ACT score to help your chances of getting in. Depending on your college goals, calculate your target score and what a good score would be for you. Regardless of whether you’re aiming for a 30 or a 36, if you follow the advice in this article, you’ll be preparing yourself to reach your goals. If you’re striving for a 20-27, you may want to focus on our posts about improving your Math, Reading, English, and Science scores. How Long Do You Have to Study? Mostly, how long you need to study depends on your starting point and your target score. How much you need to improve will determine the study time you need to achieve your goal. If you haven’t taken the ACT, take an official practice test simulating real testing conditions to determine where you’re at and how much you need to improve. Here’s a rough estimate of how long you’ll have to study based on how many points you need to reach your goal: 0-1 point improvement: 10 hours 1-2 point improvement: 20 hours 2-4 point improvement: 40 hours 4-6 point improvement: 80 hours 6-9 point improvement: 150 hours + Keep in mind that this is just an estimate based on our data. However, it should give you a general idea of the amount of time you’ll have to put in to ace the ACT. How to Acethe ACT: Best StudyStrategies You don’t just need to put in the requisite study hours to ace the ACT; you need to study efficiently. Regardless of whether you’re using test prep books, you have a tutor, or you take an ACT prep class, you should be incorporating these practices into your ACT studying. Use Real or Realistic Practice Questions The best questions to study from are those that will most closely resemble the questions that appear on the ACT. The ACT is unlike tests you've taken in school and its format is unique. If you want to ace the ACT, the best way to do so is by knowing you can condfidently answer all of the different types of questions that are likely to appear on the test. A huge flaw of many test prep books is that their practice questions are either much harder or much easier than those you’ll find on the ACT. Also, some books present questions in a different format than that of the ACT. What are good sources for ACT practice questions? Undoubtedly, you should use the released official ACTs. For more real ACT questions, you can purchase The Real ACT Prep Guide. Also, the ACT website has practice questions and offers an online ACT prep program. Furthermore, PrepScholar has thousands of realistic ACT questions written by ACT experts. Focus on Your Weaknesses and Analyze Your Mistakes You’ll make the best use of your study time by focusing on why you’re missing questions and trying to improve your weaknesses. If you just do a ton of practice questions, but you don’t stop to figure out why you’re getting questions wrong, your score won’t improve much. If you want to ace the ACT, you’ll have very little room for error. You must comprehend how to correctly answer every type of question and be able to finish each section in the allotted time. For each practice test or question set you do, mark every question that you’re even 20% unsure about. Then, when you’re reviewing, thoroughly examine each question you got incorrect or guessed on. Make sure you understand how to correctly answer the question and what you didn’t grasp or did wrong. Keep track of all of these questions with specific notes about what you need to improve. Ask yourself why you got questions wrong, and be as specific as possible. Take notes about why you're getting questions wrong. These are the major areas you might need to improve. Content Again, to ace the ACT, you’re going to want to know all of the content well. The ACT tests you on a number of concepts related to reading, writing, science, and math. By identifying the specific types of questions you get wrong, you can identify the topics you need to learn better. For example, on Math, you may notice that you’re missing questions related to coordinate geometry. On English, you may be having difficulty with questions that deal with punctuation. Once you diagnose your content weaknesses, study the content. We have articles on this blog related to every type of question. When you’ve become more familiar with the content, do a ton of related practice questions and understand how to correctly answer each practice question. Time Even if you understand ACT content and how to do each question, you may struggle finishing sections on time. If you're finishing sections with more than 5 minutes remaining and you're making careless mistakes, then you're rushing. If you're consistently struggling to complete sections in the allotted time, then you need to focus on improving your time management. If you’re rushing, all you may have to do is slow down and read the questions more carefully. If you’re having trouble finishing questions on time, monitor your time spent per question during your practice. Also, you may increase your speed as you improve your content knowledge. Additionally, you may be able to better your time management by adopting quality test-taking strategies. For Reading and Writing, you need to figure out the most efficient way for you to read the passages to maximize your score. Drill your approach in your test prep so that you’re comfortable with it. For Math, memorize all formulas you may need to know. Strategy Some students are comfortable with the content and don’t have issues with time management, but they’re still missing questions. Usually, this occurs because of a lack of understanding of ACT strategy. If you’re missing questions because you’re falling prey to common ACT tricks, then you may need to improve your knowledge of ACT strategy. For example, if you know the grammar rules that are tested on ACT English but you’re missing questions because you’re not reading the whole sentence, you need to work on your ACT strategy. Strategy errors occur when you understand the content that’s being tested, but you need to improve your approach or understanding of the questions. Follow these tips for ACT success! Top Test-Taking Tips to Ace the ACT Following these tips will help you avoid strategy errors and enable you to correctly answer questions more quickly and efficiently. Make sure to use these tips when taking practice tests so they become habit for you. Answer Every Question On the ACT, there's no penalty for incorrect answers, so it's in your best interest to answer every single question. Even if you're clueless on a specific question, you should guess because you have a 25% chance of randomly picking the correct answer on the multiple choice questions. This is also why it's important to have good time management; you want to make sure that you're able to answer all of the questions. If you're running out of time and know you won't get to the end of the section, you should still fill in random bubbles to give yourself a chance at getting more right answers. Underline Key Words in the Questions Regardless of the section, underlining key words can help you make sure you understand what the question is asking and avoid careless mistakes. For instance, In Math, you can know for certain whether you should be solving for x or y. In Writing, you can ensure if a question is asking you whether a sentence should be added or deleted. Eliminate Wrong Answers Even though this strategy may sound obvious, it’s important to use, especially if you’re not immediately 100% confident in your answer. In Reading and Writing, there may be answer choices that seem possible, but if anything about the answer choice isn’t correct, it must be eliminated. Similarly, in Math, if you have a rough estimate of the correct answer, you can eliminate any answer that isn’t close to your estimate. Or if you know the answer is positive, you can eliminate any answer that’s a negative number. Eliminating wrong answers will increase your chances of getting questions right and help you arrive at the correct answer. Get rid of wrong answers! Finish with Extra Time to Recheck Your Work You should try to finish each section with approximately 5 minutes remaining. During the remaining time, check any questions you were unsure of. I recommend marking any questions you’re uncertain about while you’re taking the test. Double check how you got your answer. Once you feel comfortable with your answer, go to the next question. If you’re still unsure, stick with your initial guess. After looking over questions you had doubts about, ensure that you did all your bubbling correctly. Final Advice: How to Ace the ACT It’s not easy to ace the ACT, but it’s possible with hard work and a good study plan. If you need help with organization, motivation, or test-taking strategies, you may benefit with the help of a tutor, in-person class, or online program like PrepScholar. For further guidanceand detailed instructions on how to acethe ACT, read our articles for how to get a perfect ACT score, and how to get a perfect score in Reading, English, Science, and Math. What's Next? If you don't have much time to prepare for the ACT, read our guide to cramming for the test. Also, to ace the ACT, you'll want to review our comprehensive ACT prep information. Finally, to help with your test preparation, learn about the best ACT prep books. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses. We also have expert instructors who can grade every one of your practice ACT essays, giving feedback on how to improve your score. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Cystic Fibrosis Community Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cystic Fibrosis Community Assessment - Essay Example a) Sex and Age: This is a heterogeneous community comprising of both males and females in almost equal ratios. Majority of the members are adults and are married. b) Income levels: Most individuals in this community are in the middle class and lower class. Many live within $10 a day.c) Occupations: With a few exceptions of white collar jobs, over 60% of the working class categories do the blue collar jobs. However, most women are merely house-wives.d) Educational levels: Most adults of the age above 50 years have elementary education, especially the women. The youths are quite learned and most are in colleges.e) Ethnic identities: Ethnically, this community is fairly heterogeneous. Half of the population is composed of the Whites. The next lager ethnic is Hispanic Americans. The Asian-Americans are the least. f) Family structures: Most families are nuclear; a few are extended. However, single parent homes consisting of widows and unmarried mothers are very commong) Lifestyle behavior s that influence health status: Poor eating habits by most individuals suffering from Cystic Fibrosis have always worsened their conditions by igniting Diabetes. The youths who engage in drug and substance abuse and unprotected sex also risk serious health problems.h) Health status: The prevalence of Cystic Fibrosis has rendered most people sicki) Health concerns: It is always very hard for the lay community to identify the symptoms of CF, thus, suffer for a quite a long time before diagnosis.

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 139

Summary - Essay Example These communities provide a dual relationship between the families of the deaf and the overall deaf community. This is because there is a congregation of like-minded individuals. It is also important to consider creation of congregation opportunities where the deaf would meet to socialize with fellow deaf individuals. These individuals would feel at home while within such congregations (Holcomb, 2012). In addition, participating in straight talks would provide a global solution to the misunderstandings that the deaf go through due to difficulties when communicating with non-signers. Moreover, adopting positivity or a can-do attitude would help the deaf in demonstrating their worth in the society. Furthermore, the deaf world would improve if they could teach other deaf people on the deaf language and their overall culture. However, there are some obstacles to these solutions that include lack of technology such as hearing aids, financial resource constraints and outsigning environment s (Holcomb, 2012). In overcoming the obstacles, the international organizations of the deaf world usually unite to promote their well-being. The solutions that are unique to the American deaf include civil right laws, availability of interceptors, educational opportunities, a high number of deaf academic leaders among others (Holcomb, 2012). The behaviors exhibited by the deaf individuals in the society are usually determined by the formation of identity that they have experienced in their lifetime. Mostly, the variation in upbringing affects the affinity degree that they exhibit as well as the procedure of identity formation. To realize a positive identity for the deaf individual takes a long and a difficult journey mostly due to the ignorance that is deeply embedded in those that they work with and that exhibited by their hearing parents. Due to such issues, the deaf individual grows up without appropriate experience as well as lack of opportunities that are geared

Video games affecting children Essay Example for Free

Video games affecting children Essay Video games around the world have become immensely popular, a multi-billion dollar industry. An industry which revolves around the wants and desires of children and teens. An industry with a creation of unique entertainment like no other. An industry that continues to grow rapidly. Hours and hours are spent each day by youths playing these games, but are they really good for them? Are they educational? Games which educate a child’s mind exist but they wouldn’t be as popular as your top seller shooting game. Nowhere even close. Here I am today to tell, to inform, and to enlighten parents on the dangers of letting your child play these violent games. As a child, I found that my parents seemed to push away all sorts of violent games, no matter how badly I wanted them. It didn’t seem to make sense at first but as I grew older, I saw the younger generation getting addicted to games like these and without doubt, showed a different behaviour and attitude. In this modern age, a child or teen is quite likely to have a gaming console or access to the internet or a friend who does. With these, they can play or access games which may contain violent content. As youths play these games in excess, they tend to act out what they may see or hear in front of their friends and family. It gives them a tendency to act aggressive and violent. They learn new things, like bad language. They may use foul language against their friends and possibly repeat violent stunts at home. These games are full of foul language, bloody scenes and criminal behaviour. It gives them a prospect for confrontation with peers, with siblings, with parents and even with their teachers. They engage in fights which in turn could cause possible decline in their studies. They could even brush aside their school work to sit in front of a television because it’s like an addiction to them. The question is: should parents be encouraged to disallow their son or daughter to be entertained by these types of video games? The answer is up to you, as parents. It is up to you to observe whether you see a change in attitude among your kids and if in a negative way, then you should take action in order for your child to behave in an appropriate manner among people. Games like these are everywhere, so your child will grow up in an environment where they will play them. Although, it is always recommended to look at the age rating of the game before you buy it, to see whether or not your son or daughter fits into the category of restriction. You can even set limits on how long they should be allowed to play games, just so they don’t get too involved with the theme of the game. It’s absolutely paramount for a child to grow up in a positive environment. In my opinion, games that involve the likes of drugs, bloodshed, criminal behaviour, foul language and violence should not be banned, but put into higher restriction everywhere. There should be more age limitations and games that involve hostility at a lower level. So parents, do you know what games your children are playing? Have a look.

Why Christians Oppose Abortion :: Papers

Why Christians Oppose Abortion Abortion, the termination of an unborn child from a pregnant mother, is a topic that which has raged on for hundreds of years. Two sides to the idea exist. Pro-choice groups are for abortion, or the choice of the mother. Pro-life groups are against abortion or for the life of the baby. Yet why is it that pro-life groups are mainly made up of practising Christians? Many Christians oppose abortion because they few unborn babies as humans and therefore view abortion as murder. Strong pro-life activists may believe that life starts as early as conception and views contraceptives such as the pill as abortion. Less strong pro-life people may view the start of life later. Despite this variation in perception, all pro-life activists will view the start of life as pre birth, and that abortion after their perception of the start of life as murder of the child. Some pro-life supporters would not always view abortion as wrong and certain groups promote abortion providing it is only used when it threatens the life of the mother. There are hundreds of beliefs about when and when not abortion should be used among liberal pro-life supporters but the basic idea is that abortion should only happen if it would seriously affect the mother to have a child. Other Christians are for abortion because they believe in the right of the mother. They believe that god made humans free and the mother should be free to choose whether or whether or not she as a baby. They say that the mother should have the choice because the baby will have a massive immediate affect on her life. They argue that women who want abortions would not appreciate a child and that that child would not have a happy life. They also argue that women who have children when they are too young will wreck their entire working life because they would be unable to study and bring up the child and would not make friends or have a social life.

Compare Nothing’s Changed with one other poem in Cluster 1, in relation to the theme of injustice

Compare Nothing's Changed with one other poem in Cluster 1, in relation to the theme of injustice. I have decided to compare Limbo with Nothing's Changed, about the theme of injustice. Both Tatamkhulu Afrika and Edward Kamau Braithwaite have shown in Nothing's Changed and Limbo, that even through the unjust world that is described in the poems, there is still hope which prevails through the misery and despair. In Limbo, the repetition of â€Å"Limbo, Limbo like me†, shows that even through the loneliness they are put through, there remains still a ‘pulse', the constant beat of those two lines shows that the slaves' dance and music, still prevails through what is slavery. The effect created is that through the bad times, there is still happiness which surpasses suffering, and this line still is repeated to the end of the poem, where we know is the end of the bad events, through the saying, â€Å"sun coming up† on line 40. This effect is a main part of the poem, as the suffering at the start of the poem, is juxtaposed with the pulse and limbo dance through the slaves lives through the poem. In Nothing's Changed, similar repetition techniques have shown injustice in the world. As Nothing's Changed was based on the post apartheid times in South Africa, the poet writes how although it would be illegal to discriminate, and how there no longer are signs promoting this, it still happens, and is through the antithesis of District Six, and the â€Å"new, up-market† town, mentioned in line 22. The repetition of â€Å"and† in lines 12-15 is using the poetic technique of caesura, which means through repeating the words it causes more of an effect. As the poet describes his growing anger at how society is understood in South Africa, and how the punctuation used in those lines, the commas hold a large significance to the poet's exaggeration on those lines. Visually, each line progresses longer than the previous one, which may be a way the poet is to show his growing anger about society. The poet also juxtaposes many of the features in his home of District Six to the new, up-market towns. â€Å"Amiable weeds†, shows that the poets believe that even the weeds are friendlier than â€Å"Brash† environment of the richer areas. The use of â€Å"guard at the gatepost† and â€Å"working man's cafi† shows juxtaposed opinions of the two different places. As having a guard suggests that the environment is more hostile and that you may be overpriced, while the working man's cafi suggests that it's a more honest and friendly place to eat. The repetition of â€Å"glass† four times in Nothing's Changed has a considerable significance, as it shows how even though the apparent apartheid is over, there is still an ‘invisible' barrier which stops the people from doing what people would be doing in Port Jackson, which could be reflected through the usage of glass. In both of these poems, there is a significant usage of onomatopoeia and harsh sounding words, which suggests that both poets, especially for Nothing's Changed is writing in a pessimistic tone, whilst Limbo, shows optimism through the continuation of â€Å"Limbo, Limbo like me†. The harsh sounds, â€Å"Dark deck† in Limbo, line 21 and 23, use alliteration and through the sound of the words suggest hostility on board. Down, down, down† on lines 34-36 shows how they believe they are below everybody else and that they are sinking further into despair. But then in lines 44-46, this is juxtaposed with â€Å"Up, up, up† where it shows that the slaves may have another chance for a better live and to rise from the suppression. In Nothing's Changed, throughout the poem, there are many alliterative words, such as â€Å"labouring† and â€Å"lungs†, which shows alliterative words which increase the resentment and the dislike that the poet has of the â€Å"whites only inn†. Assonance is used in the poem, in lines 20-22, â€Å"weeds†, â€Å"trees† and â€Å"cuisine†, which the tone of all these lines relate to the resentment that the poet has of Port Jackson, and how he feels that the apartheid may not have been lifted, but rather having a larger effect on their lives than before. The poet clearly shows his feelings, through relating to Port Jackson as â€Å"it†, which suggests that it's a hostile and unfriendly place, whilst he relates to District Six as â€Å"we† which shows his strong allegiance with his past, and believes that times have not really changed even though the apartheid has been lifted.

Introduction to fashion

Diploma in Fashion Design Principles of Fashion Unit 2 unit 2 On successful completion of this unit the learner will be able to: Explain how the elements of fashion appeal influence the purchaser Describe the classification of clothing according to their use and types Explain factors which affect the decision to buy in fashion Describe the process of the product development in fashion industry Explain the main areas of fashion wear production including an understanding of the key terms, concepts, facts and principles, rules and theories of the field, discipline or practice.Fashion Design One of the most important factors which differentiate humans from other animals is their use of clothing. It is used not simply to provide a micro-climate for the wearer's body, but also to conceal the body and reveal its wearer's status and personality to others. To satisfy this concealing and revealing process diverse kinds of clothing are used. One of the most mysterious aspects of clothing is fas hion. Clothing expresses status; social class is apparent in the boss's business suit and the worker's Shares at work, although this difference may disappear at the weekend.Clothing changes when the wearer leaves the cradle, enters primary school, secondary school or university, on starting work, on getting married, on gaining promotion. Even death has a special wardrobe, both for the dead and the mourners. Clothing establishes a person's identity; reflects the wearer's goals and moral principles; communicates self-assurance or the lack of it; and conveys the activity a person is about to engage in. Clothing may also be used as costume, to represent something a person is not; and as a uniform to denote a person's membership of a defined group.Fashion in the narrow sense of the world meaner the changing form of clothing. These originate from peoples need to be adorned and admired but also allow the opportunity to enhance personal style or indicate a position in society. Fashion is no t the only consideration in developing a garment for a market. The overall appearance (style) as well as the utility value (fitness for purpose, aftercare). Creating or styling the appearance of a person with reference to clothing, accessories and beauty in corresponding with the personality of any individual is fashion designing. Fashion Design TermsA fashion designer conceives garment combinations of line, proportion, color, and texture. He or she may or may not know how to sew or make patterns. Formal training is always essential, yet most fashion designers are formally trained (apprenticed) and schooled. A pattern maker drafts the shapes and sizes of a garment's pieces with paper and measuring tools, and, sometimes, an Autocrat computer software programmer, or by draping muslin on a dress form, the original way. The resulting pattern pieces must compose the intended design of the garment and they must fit the intended wearer.Formal training is essential for working as a pattern marker. A tailor makes custom designed garments made to the client's measure; suits (coat and trousers, Jacket and skirt, etc). A textile designer designs fabric weaves and prints for clothes and furnishings. Most textile designers are formally trained as apprentices and in school. A stylist is the person who co-ordinates the clothes, Jewelry, and accessories used in fashion photography and catwalk presentations of clothes collections. A stylist also is a designer whose designs are based upon extant things, trends, and the collections of other designers.A buyer orders stocks of clothes for shops, chain stores, and other types of stores. Most fashion buyers are trained in business studies. A teacher of fashion design teaches the art and craft of fashion in art schools and in fashion design school. A custom clothier makes custom- made garments to order, for a given customer. A dressmaker specializes in custom- made women's clothes: day, cocktail, and evening dresses, business clothes and suits, trousseau, sports clothes, and lingerie. An illustrator draws and paints clothes for commercial use.A model wears and displays clothes at fashion shows and in photographs. A fashion journalist writes fashion articles describing the garments presented, for magazines or newspapers. An alterations specialist (alterations) adjusts the fit of completed garments, usually ready-tower, and sometimes re-styles them. NOTE: despite tailors altering garments to fit the client, not all alterations are tailors. A wardrobe consultant or fashion advisor recommends styles and colors that are flattering to the client. A photographer photographs the clothes on fashion models for use in magazines, newspapers, or adverts.Fashion Flow Chart Classification of Fashion The duration of fashion's importance is a critical fashion designers or manufactures concern. A fashion can be brief or of long duration. Once having identified this characteristic, a designer is in a position to assess a fashions importance to the retail inventory. Fashion is classified into many types, such as: Style Basic or classic Fad Fashion Forecasting Trends a) Style Style is always constant. It does not change whereas fashion changes. It is the modification of fashion. Style is the basic outline of any garment.When we use a different neckline and different sleeves with some trimming here and there over a Asia garment then the basic garment is modified into a different look or a different outfit, this modification ferment will become fashion, when it is accepted by people. The term style is a popular word in fashion and refers to a sub-division within fashion. By definition, it is that which has certain characteristics that distinguish it from other designs. For example, the fashion could be pleated skirt, yet the style is box pleat. It is a common fallacy to believe that the famous designers create fashions.They create styles which they hope will be accepted. When and if there is consumer support the style then becomes fashion. It is repetitious but important to stress that fashion is synonymous with acceptance. B) Basic or Classics When a fashion is constant or long lasting, such as, T shirt and skirt, it is called Basic or Classic. It is similar to a standard music. The T shirt and skirt are part of fashion scene. A customer has one or more in her wardrobe, to be worn to suit different occasions. In certain times, the basic becomes the most important profitable fashion, but, in or out, they remain as a part of the fashion scene.There are many outfits that fall into this classification, such as, shirt and trousers, plain or pleated skirts and denims, etc. There are general fashions that lasts for years, such as, the skirt, the single breasted men's suit Basics or Classics are the outfits which stays in the fashion scene for a long period of time that is from past to present and even in future it stands When we watch old movies as well as the new movies which are released Just, we can see the skirts, or denims worn in it may be with a slight change or modification accordingly. ) Fad A Fad is something which can either make a designer's life more interesting or tenser. Very often something appears on the fashion scene that captures the imagination, only to fizzle out in short duration. Overall, Fad can be defined as short lived fashion, lasting for a very little time or period, acceptable by only a certain group of people for example, hippies – their clothing, accessories, hairstyles, etc. As Fad is short lived fashion, it stays for a very short period, because they are very costly and every one cannot afford to buy it. D) Fashion Forecasting is a global career that focuses on upcoming trends.A fashion forecaster predicts the colors, fabrics and styles that will be presented on the runway and in the stores for the upcoming seasons. The concept applies to not one, but all levels of the fashion industry including haute couture, ready-to-wear, mass mar ket, and street wear. Trend forecasting is an overall process that focuses on other industries such as automobiles, medicine, food and beverages, literature, and home furnishings. Fashion forecasters are responsible for attracting consumers and helping retail business's and designers sell their brands.Today, fashion industry workers rely on the Internet to retrieve information on new looks, hot colors, celebrity wardrobes, and designer collections. Fashion Forecasting is done through any communicating media, such as, cinema, fashion shows, press, magazines, newspapers and window display. It includes: Market research Consumer research Surveys Consumer focus groups In-store informal interviews Shopping Sales Records Evaluating the collections Fashion Trends Trend for Target Markets e) Trends Fashion trends are the styling ideas that major collections have in common.They indicate the direction in which fashion is moving. Fashion forecasters look for the styles they think are prophetic, ideas that capture the mood of the times and signal a new fashion trend. Several designers may use a similar fashion idea because they eve been inspired by common sources. The trend may appear in a fabrication, a silhouette, or another design element that appears in several collections. Very often, a new trend appears in small doses until it spreads to other collections. As the press notices similarities between collections and highlights them, the media exposure also helps establish the trends.Evaluating the collections becomes one way a designer, working for a mainstream manufacturer, can research fashion direction. As designers are not invited to the shows, they must evaluate by shopping in major fashion vitals or u s I n g design services, magazines, and newspapers. For retail buyers, it is becoming a huge challenge to figure out which trends will become fashion basics, like Capri's, and which are only fads, such as pony prints. Buyers have to become very flexible in their buyi ng patterns and cautious about inventory management.If the market becomes flooded with a new trend, consumers may react negatively to the overexposure. Empowered by the Internet and television, global trends are moving at an accelerating pace. The life-span of a trend is now about five months instead of a year. For the Junior market, the span is only three months. Chic Chic is a French word, established in English since at least the sass, that has come to mean smart or stylish. Over the years â€Å"chic† has been applied to, among other things, social events, situations, individuals, and modes or styles of dress.Recurring generic terms included designer chic (associated with the styles of particular couturiers – the sass became known as the â€Å"designer decade†) and retro-chic (adopting elements of fashion from the past: e. G. â€Å"Victorian chic†, â€Å"sixties chic†, â€Å"Georgian chic†, â€Å"sass Riviera chic† Collection Each season, the design and merchandising departments of each division are expansible for creating a new line, the seasonal collection that the manufacturer will sell to retail store buyers. The terms are synonymous: the term ‘collection' is used primarily in Europe and for high-period apparel in the United States. Line' is used more often in the United States for moderately and popularly priced fashion. Fashion shows Fashion shows are special events that communicate a fashion story. The selection and organization of the fashions and model bookings may be done by the fashion office, whereas invitations and other arrangements may be handled by the special events department. There are four possible ways to organize these presentations: formal shows, department shows, designer trunk shows, or informal modeling. ) Formal Fashion Shows Formal fashion shows take a great deal of advance planning involving booking models and fittings and arranging for a runway, scenery, lighting, microphon es, music, seating, and assistants. Clothes are generally grouped according to styling, color, or other visual criteria. Models and music are selected to complement the clothes and set a mood. B) Designer Trunk Shows Designer trunk shows are done in cooperation with a single vendor and are a popular ay to sell expensive collections.Invitations are sent to the best customers according to records kept by sales associates. The designer or a representative travels from store to store with the collection, which is usually shown on models in the designer collections department. Customers get to see the entire collection unedited by a buyer and may order from the samples in their size. Although some designers and retailers do 50 percent of their total business through trunk shows, others find them time-consuming, exhausting work, and have given them up. C) Department Fashion ShowsDepartment fashion shows, on a much smaller scale, are produced in store to generate immediate sales. Usually, a platform is set up directly in the department that carries the clothes. D) Informal Fashion Shows Informal fashion shows are the easiest to produce. A few models walk through the store showing the fashions that they are wearing to customers who are shopping or having lunch in the store's restaurant. The models can take their time, and customers enjoy asking them questions. This is often done in conjunction with a trunk show or special promotion. Criteria Consumers Use in Fashion SelectionTo determine the acceptability of fashion, both manufacturers and consumers should consider the criteria used for its selection. Elements of fashion appeal draw the consumer's attention to a fashion. There are also practical considerations, including quality and price that the consumer usually evaluates before making a purchase. Elements of Fashion Appeal The elements of fashion appeal are basically the same as the elements of design, but here they are viewed by the purchaser rather than the creat or: a) Color Usually the first aspect of a garment or accessory to which consumers respond is, color.People relate very personally to color, usually selecting or rejecting a fashion because the color does or does not appeal to them or flatter their own coloring. Texture: The surface interest in the fabric of a garment or accessory is called texture. Consumers relate to texture because of its sensuous appeal. B) Style The elements that define a style include line, silhouette, and details. A garment's appearance is also affected by hanger appeal. Depending on the consumers' level of fashion consciousness, their Judgment will be conditioned by their opinion of what is currently fashionable.Practical Considerations a) Price Price is probably the most important practical consideration for the average consumer. The consumer evaluates the total worth of all the fashion appeal aspects of the garment or accessory and their relationship to its retail price. B) Fit The try-on is a crucial step in the consumer's selection of a garment because sizing is not a guarantee of fit. The Department of Commerce has tried to set sizing standards, but each company tends to vary somewhat. Each company tries its sample garments on models that are typical of the company's customers.However, it is difficult to set size ranges and grading rules to fit every figure. The fitting room try-on further enables the customer to Judge if fashion-appeal elements are suitable to his or her figure type or general appearance. C) Appropriateness It is important that a fashion item be suitable or acceptable for a specific occasion or for the needs of the consumer's life-style. For example, life in a large city requires more formality in clothing than life in the country. Impulse shoppers do not consider appropriateness and therefore purchase any items that do not fit into their wardrobe. ) Brand Brands are a manufacturer's meaner of product identification. Some consumers buy n the basis of a particular brand's reputation, often as result of heavy advertising. Consumer Demand a) Fabric Performance and Care The durability of a garment or accessory and the ease or difficulty of caring for it, are often factors in selection. Most consumers prefer easy-care, wash-and-wear fabrics, although designer and contemporary customers may not mind paying for dry- cleaning the more delicate fabrics they prefer. Easy care and durability are of special concern in children's wear and work clothes.Government regulations now require fiber-content and care-instruction labels to be sewn into apparel. B) Workmanship This term refers to the quality of construction, stitching, and finishing. Quality standards have fallen as labor costs rise and managements favor more profitable balance sheets. Unfortunately, many consumers cannot and do not bother to evaluate workmanship. The generation born and raised since World War II has not been exposed to fine workmanship and therefore does not demand it. The Junior customer cares little about quality; she is likely to throw away a garment before it wears out.The designer, contemporary, or missy customer, on the other hand, generally considers clothing an investment and may not mind spending more for the assisting qualities of fine detailing and workmanship. Meeting Consumer Demand To meet consumer demand and changes in consumer life-styles, manufacturers and retailers have developed various size and price ranges as well as categories for styling and clothing a) Size Ranges Each size range caters to a different figure type. The Junior customer, sizes 3 to 15, has a less developed figure and a shorter back-waist length (a higher waistline) than the missy figure.The missy figure, sizes 6 to 16 (or 4 to 14, or 8 to 18), is fully developed. In missy separates, some blouses and sweaters are sized 30 to 36 (8 to 14), or small, medium, ND large. Sizing 30 to 36 was originally inches, but sizes have grown over the years. Petite sizes come in both Juni or and missy. Junior petite is meant for shorter Junior figures; petite sizes in missy (2 and up) are for smaller proportioned missy figures. Large or women's sizes, used for sportswear, are 36 to 52 for uppers Jackets and shirts) and 30 to 40 for lowers (pants and skirts). There is a current void of half-size sportswear. ) It is difficult to compare sizes from country to country. Particularly in France, the sizing is not always standard. Men's suits range in size from 36 to 44 (with additional rage sizes to 50), based on chest measurements. Lengths are designated after the size number: R for regular, S for short, and L for long. European sizes are 46 to 54 Oust add 10 to each American size). Young men's sizes, equivalent to Junior sizes for women, have a narrower fit in the Jacket and hip and a shorter rise in the trouser than regular men's sizes.Dress shirts are sized by collar measurement (inches in America and centimeters in Europe) and sleeve length. Sport shirts are sized in s mall, medium, and large. Trousers are sized by waist and inseam measurements. Children's wear is sized by age group. Infant sizes are based on age in months, usually 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18. However, since development varies so much from child to child, many manufacturers are now also identifying weight ranges on their labels. B) Price Ranges A garment should give good value for its price. There are many price ranges, each with a different level of customer expectations.As the price goes up, the customer expects higher quality in fashion, fabric, fit, and finish. Designer garments are becoming so expensive that the group of people who can afford them is shrinking. Therefore, many designers are adding less expensive lines. On the other hand, many retail stores are trading up. That is, stores with low-end (inexpensive) merchandise are now trying to give themselves a fashionable image. Each garment manufacturer generally specializes in one price range. The designer and merchandiser must co nsider the cost of every fabric trim or construction detail that goes into a garment.Costs must fit into a specific price range. In turn, each retail store has various departments, from budget to designer, again classified by price range. C) Style Ranges Both women's dresses and women's sportswear currently come in style ranges as well as size ranges. Some of the terms overlap because style ranges grew out of age groups. However, many women today cross the boundaries, dressing to fit their figure and personality rather than their age needs. Designer: Formerly, couture would have been the classification for better, more expensive fashion.The decline in the couture business, however, gave rise to the general classification of designer clothes. Today even some of the designer ready to- wear is as expensive as couture used to be. Missy: These are more conservative adaptations of proven or accepted designer looks; they utilize less expensive fabrics and less extreme silhouettes. Contempo rary or updated: This is a sophisticated approach to styling based on the directions set by French, Italian, English, Japanese, and American ready-to-wear. Designers of expensive clothes are also marketing less expensive lines for contemporary departments.Designer and contemporary styling has carried over to men's wear, although designer clothes for men tend to be more classic than those for women. Sportswear or related separates for men have followed almost the same trends as women's sportswear in the last ten years, especially since many designers are doing both. Small children's styling is the only styling not aimed at the consumer who will wear the garment. The consumer in this case is a parent, grandparent, or other adult. Children's clothes of the past tended to be fussy, but now they are more functional.Older children today have more definite opinions on what they want to wear, partly because of advertising and television exposure and peer-group pressures. This development ha s had an effect on styling. Areas of Fashion Design Many professional fashion designers start off by specializing in a particular area of fashion. The smaller and the more specific the market, the more likely a company is o get the right look and feel to their clothes. It is also easier to establish oneself in the fashion industry if a company is known for one type of product, rather than several products.Once a fashion company becomes established (that is, has regular buyers and is well-known by both the trade and the public), it may decide to expand into a new area. It is usually safest for a company to expand into an area similar to the one it already knows. For example, a designer of women's sportswear might expand into men's sportswear. A) Women's Wear Women's clothes have many classifications: lingerie, dresses, evening clothes, suits, outerwear, and sportswear. There are also specialty categories, such as bridal gowns and maternity clothes.In addition, there is a huge array o f accessories within the general categories of wraps, head coverings, handbags, and footwear. B) Lingerie Lingerie includes undergarments, sleepwear, and lounger. Interest in designing lingerie is increasing because women again desire pretty things and will spend the money to have them. C) Dresses Dresses range from the very tailored with crisp lines for wearing on the Job, to the very softest with gathers and ruffles for dressy occasions. D) Evening clothes Evening clothes run the gamut from party pajamas through long and short cocktail dresses to opulent gowns. ) Suits are Jackets and skirts Suits are Jackets and skirts (or pants) sold together as units. Suits also range from the soft â€Å"dressmaker† suit to the strictly tailored. F) Outerwear Outerwear has primarily a protective function: it covers us and keeps us warm or dry. Outerwear includes coats, capes, and heavy Jackets. Its warmth may come from traditional wool or quilting; rainwater receives a water-repellent tr eatment. G) Sportswear Sportswear is the category that has grown the most over the years, as leisure time ND discretionary income have increased.Sportswear can be classified as active or spectator. H) Spectator Spectator sportswear was intended for watching sports events, although the term now includes sportswear worn for day-to-day activities. I) Active sportswear Active sportswear is created for movement and worn for participation in sports. Sportswear lines are organized in two different ways: in separates such as skirts, pants, blouses, shirts, sweaters, and tops; or as coordinate sportswear, pieces intended to be mixed and matched but priced separately. J) Men's WearMen's Wear: There are now almost as many categories available to men as to women. Stores use elaborate promotions to lure their increasingly fashion-wise male customers. K) Tailored clothing Tailored clothing for men includes suits, overcoats, topcoats, sport coats, and separate trousers for both day and evening wea r. L) Furnishings include shirts, necklace, sweaters, tops, underwear, socks, robes, and pajamas m) Sportswear is made up of related separates that fill the demand for more leisure and casual wear. N) Active sportswear includes windbreakers, ski Jackets, Jogging suits, tennis shorts, and the like.

Education and Social Mobility Essay Essays

Education and Social Mobility Essay Essays Education and Social Mobility Essay Paper Education and Social Mobility Essay Paper Historically. due to our post-colonial background. that of the plantation society. instruction was merely afforded to the white. upper category persons. In order to set up and reenforce a hierarchy of power and ownership. affluent capitalists ensured ace instruction for their kids. while actively excepting members of the lower categories from this luxury. Due to the caste system. pupils or persons are stratified. where persons from non- traditional school have less chance for societal mobility. entirely due to fact that pupils or persons from traditional schools are of such societal category. that their chance is based on their ascribed features. which influences them in a profound manner. However. it is my position that this is a fact. due to the differences in category and civilization. pupils will hold varied entree to resources with respect to instruction. and hence. there will be different chance for instruction and societal mobility within our society. First. while carry oning the research on this thesis. it was found that the functionalist theory was non applicable. as the functionalist position surveies the ways in which instruction AIDSs society. as such. this sociological position did non back up any of my points being made within this research paper. However. this research proved that the chief positions are supported by the Marxist struggle theory. which surveies the ways in which instruction manages the instability of power in our society. Due to socioeconomic background of persons. those from low-income backgrounds are less likely to graduate from high school. less likely to travel to university and even if Comment [ A1 ] : Very good they do graduate. they are less likely to finish university if they enrol. Consequently. the spread between kids from the lower socioeconomic strata and those from the center and upper strata tends to increase with the degree of school. This relates to societal category ; where the higher the societal category. the more likely parents are to keep high outlooks. and positively act upon the kid to achieve a high grade of instruction. This suggests that schools contribute to educational inequality. where kids who are deprived by their societal background when they enter school go even more deprived as they progress through school. and as such at a greater trouble for societal mobility. Comment [ A2 ] : Good This is supported by an article taken from the Jamaica Gleaner. by subscriber Michael Waul. who agrees with this impression. Students from marginalised socio-economic backgrounds. giving rise to disparate educational experiences is greatly apparent in the preparatory/primary and traditional/ non-traditional high-school divide. Where entree to quality instruction remains mostly determined by social category. a fact evident non merely in the differential resources available to schools but besides the background of pupils come ining better-resourced establishments. Comment [ A3 ] : What does a struggle position say about this issue? This helps to perpetuates historical social divisions. that of our post-colonial plantation society. where honoring those from higher societal categories while puting those from lower categories at an increasing disadvantage. This consequences in low CXC base on balls rates. increasing figure of high-school dropouts in respects to non-traditional high schools. hence taking to a lessening in the figure of pupils go toing university for third instruction. Subsequently. with respect to primary and/or preparatory schools. a great bulk of pupils are go throughing the GSAT scrutiny ; nevertheless with the bulk of the base on ballss. pupils are being placed into non-traditional high school. where merely a minority of pupils are being placed in traditional high schools. This lone proves to foster the division between the upper category and the lower category. while other pupils are placed into non- traditional schools entirely because of the environment in which they live. Even though some pupils may stand out in their scrutinies. due to where they reside. they are placed in schools that are near to their places. and as a consequence their opportunity for societal mobility diminishes. as they are non able to hold entree to resources Comment [ A4 ] : Issue of testing and installations. that are available at traditional schools. and as such greatly disadvantage from the start of their instruction. and as such there is societal inequality. This is supported from an article from the Jamaican Gleaner. by Michael Waul. observing that entree to third instruction is a hard option for the hapless. As such. poorness prevents economic freedom and pick. and so despite 1s willingness. this circumvents many worlds of their experience. where the hapless is held in the barbarous rhythm of uninterrupted poorness. and as such at a great disadvantage for societal mobility for those pupils from non-traditional schools which are largely persons from the lower socioeconomic background. Another component which affects the societal mobility of pupils from traditional school versus pupils from non-traditional schools is that of the neo-Marxist reproduction theory. which involves what is known as â€Å"tracking† . This involves the assignment of pupils harmonizing to category and basic work functions. This grouping by ability. or tracking of pupils. has been common in non-traditional schools. In fact. as pupils progress through school. they tend to take categories that guarantee they will stay in the same path. where they are at a disadvantage for societal mobility. So alternatively of advancing democracy. societal mobility and equality. schools reproduce the political orientation of the dominant groups in society. This is supported by theoretician Pierre Bourdieu. where each person occupies a place in a societal infinite. by his or her wont. which include beliefs or idiosyncrasy and besides by cultural capital. where belief and idiosyncrasy are in some cultural scenes. nevertheless. non in some. This is apparent between the civilizations of traditional schools and non-traditional school. Similarly. another facet which affects. and illustrates my impression of the inequality of traditional school versus non-traditional schools is referred to as the concealed course of study. This system includes values and beliefs that support the position quo. therefore reenforcing the bing societal hierarchy. which include the books we read and assorted schoolroom activities that we participate in. On the other manus. theoretician and other persons will differ with my statement. and competition that pupils from non-traditional schools do hold a great chance for societal mobility. Others believe tracking systems does let for some mobility. and the effects of tracking depend upon the manner the trailing is organised harmonizing to Gamoran. This position is supported by an article in the Jamaica Gleaner. by Micheal Waul where pupils in traditional schools. such as preparatory schools are non inherently more intelligent than the other pupils from non-traditional school. However. due to disparity in public presentation. what differentiates them is mostly a affair of economic sciences. This suggests that wealthier parents are better able to fund the private schooling of their kids in establishments which are better equipped to run into the students’ larning demands. Similarly. parents who lack fiscal support are more likely to inscribe their kids in the non-traditional schools. which is limited to government-provided resources. However. this is non sufficient in leting pupil from non-traditional school to get the necessary resources needed to be best able to execute at their maximal capacity. Contrary to this position. there are the rare occasions that occur when pupils from non-traditional schools strive against all the odds. and really stand out in their scrutiny. Therefore leting them to be placed in traditional schools. which in bend provides them with the necessary resources needed to travel upward on the societal ladder. This is apparent as I have read in the Jamaica Observer. that the top acting male child and miss in the GSAT scrutiny in 2013. are from non-traditional schools. and as such are the rare instances. Another position. reverse to my belief. is from an article from the Jamaica Gleaner. by Robert Buddan. in which persons from poorer or less-advantaged communities and families can accomplish and while poorness hinders. as antecedently stated. Besides persons from lower category society and single-parent households can accomplish given good personal and institutional counsel. However. the pupils have to be dedicated and committed. and instructors who have assurance in each other can do up for the deficiency of fiscal support and other disadvantages which may originate. This is apparent in the instance of traditional schools such as St. Georges College and Kingston College. The laminitiss of the establishments could hold established the school ‘uptown’ alternatively of ‘downtown’ . as other establishments such as Campion and Ardenne High School have done. However. they built their school business district. and as such the laminitiss did the antonym in all respects. The schools were established business district. and as such chances were offered to great Numberss from all categories in order to do instruction affordable. However. contrary to the beliefs of the struggle theory. the interactionist theoreticians believe that pupils from non-traditional schools can accomplish societal mobility. This is possible through societal interaction with equals. Due to the fact that non all upper category pupils are placed in traditional schools. there are the few that are placed non-traditional school. This allows a mix of societal category. and as such. some kids will force themselves to accomplish more. to that of the criterions of the upper category. This outcomes allow pupils from traditional school to be able to interact with other pupils from upper category society. therefore the pupil would be shaped in such a mode. This intern allows the pupil to garner and hold on the different civilizations and values from that of the elites of society. on how to act in our modern society. and therefore going more flush in associating to single from the upper category of society. This will let them increased chance for societal mobility. due the fact that pupil would interact with their equals from their school. leting them the chance to different facets of the societal universe. and therefore have a different position from that of pupil from non-traditional school This is apparent as pupils from a lower socioeconomic background. when placed in a traditional school. due to interaction with other pupils from that school. there attitude and values bit by bit tend to get down altering. Due to this interaction. these single strive to be similar to those higher economic background. and as such are at a greater place for societal mobility. However. it is apparent that pupils from non-traditional school have increasing chance for societal mobility. as our society is bit by bit altering. where the demand for skilled laborer are going more necessary. It is in non-traditional school. where the more proficient accomplishments are being offered such as mechanical technology and proficient drawing. As such. these pupils from non-traditional schools are being offered more chances for societal mobility. as the employment sector has become more diverse. and has changed from the yesteryear. where largely instructors and authorities employees. had outstanding places for societal mobility. However this has non bridged the spread in societal categories in come ining top degree places. In decision. with respects to my thesis statement. the most of import sociological positions of this research are both the Conflict theory and Interactionist theory. The Functionalist theory did non back up the points being made in this research. as the functionalist believe that instruction is equal. where my belief wholly contradict this position. After elaborate reading and research I found that the spread between societal mobility between pupils from traditional school versus non-traditional school have greatly decrease over the last 40 old ages. and now traditional school. does non needfully guarantee societal mobility of it pupils. However. there is still a great spread nowadays. but it is bit by bit going closer. 12/15 While the functionalist theory does non back up your point. it would hold been good for you to advert some of their cardinal issues and how instruction reinforces societal norms and so you can so rebut some claims. Very good effort overall – really sharp in your thought and authorship.

How To Write One Of The Most Important Essays At College

How To Write One Of The Most Important Essays At College Helpful Tips on Writing a College Application Essay One of the most important college assignments is the college application essay. And this type of essays is absolutely different from all those you used to write throughout high school. It is not like a persuasive or argumentative essay, a college application essay allows you to be more creative and show yourself through writing. In this case, you will have to create not just a good essay but a really excellent one. But don’t be scared at once, everything is not that complicated. Thanks to the following guide, we are sure you will be able to master those skills as soon as possible. The Definition of a College Application Essay Sometimes, a college application essay is called an admissions essay, personal statement (statement), application essay, or purpose. The applicants are frequently asked to write several such essays, though some institutions might ask you to write just one. As a rule, you will be asked to complete just one question selected, though it’s possible to choose from several ones, too. The topics can be really specific or vice versa, very wide to write on. Most often, the essay statements are connected with three topics – talents of the applicant, the significance of the chosen area of expertise, and mutual benefits. If you are assigned a college application essay about the applicant’s talents, you should write about your life experience and why you are a serious candidate. You will have to share your dedication to art or sports, overcoming various obstacles, etc. If you are assigned a college application essay on the importance of the chosen field, you will have to share your academic pursuits and goals to show how ambitious you are. Mutual benefit questions should show why you would benefit from admission and why the college would benefit from such a student as you. Your main task is to give a unique answer to question and show your best sides. Format of a College Application Essay As a rule, college applications are being written online, so you will have to create your essay in a text box. At first, it is necessary to type it in Microsoft Word (or other compatible programs) and paste it to the text box. Make sure to check if everything is spaced properly to avoid various cutoffs. There is no certain structure set for formatting a college application essay. Some teachers insist that it’s necessary to follow the five-paragraph structure; however, it is not mandatory at all. Your essay has to be well-written and unique. And writing it in a five-paragraph structure won’t help you be accepted to college. Your essay should have an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. However, it might consist of four, five, or even six paragraphs in total. All you need is not to forget about the word limit. How to Write a College Application Online Read the task and write down your ideas on paper. Here there is no need to restrict yourself, just let your ideas flow from your imagination and answer the question the best way possible. You might write your best answer from the very first idea, and it might take some time to think and choose the best answer. Keep in mind that the most unique, honest, and the attention-capturing answer will be the best one. Create a hook, which is the first sentence that will grab the reader’s attention and will be relevant to the prompt. Your essay doesn’t have to be one of the thousands of those essays the members of the admission committee read every day. It has to stand out from them all! For that reason, it is the most important sentence of your entire essay, while it promises your reader that the rest of the writing is really smart, interesting, and worth his or her time. Do not reply as hundreds of other applicants, but write something unpredictable, something vivid and something that will make your reader keep reading your writing. Once you have finished with the hook, it’s time to write an introductory paragraph, which will make the reader acquainted with the subject. The last sentence contains an overall thesis. You won’t have to prove the thesis here like when writing other types of essays. But a single point orbiting around is mandatory for a college application essay. If you are asked why the college will help you reach your goals, you will have to address this question in your introductory paragraph final sentence writing something like: In my opinion, this college will help me reach my top dream helping people by becoming a great dentist. However, it is not too unique and interesting. Instead, it’s better to write something like: I have always been concerned about human suffering, so I believe educating studying to become a dentist at such a great university is the best way to help people cope with their pain. Each body paragraph has to start from a very strong topic sentence and contain good examples to support your unique or life perspective. And your final paragraph has to link the reader to why you exactly need to study at that school. Create your first draft. Once you have your opening sentence, good outline, and an overall imagination of what you want to say in your body paragraphs, start to write. It would be perfect if you could take a one-hour or even more break and after that, read it again. When rereading your draft, you should underline everything that seems too weak to you, eliminate the repetitions and misspellings. The draft should flow very smoothly and sound engaging, so can rewrite it as many times as necessary. Now you can ask your family member, friend, or any other trusted person to read it and give their feedback. Ask for honest feedback from them, so they could tell you exactly what part is weak or boring. If necessary, make revisions. Now you can even put it away for a couple of days and only then reread it. once you feel comfortable with it, you can submit it online. Topics for Your College Application Online As a rule, students are being assigned a particular topic, but sometimes they may ask you to choose from five or seven topics. There are even cases when the college asks you to write on your own topic you feel comfortable with. Below, there are some topics to choose from and make them your own: Describe the biggest challenge you’ve overcome. What was your biggest failure and what lesson you took from it? Have you ever disappointed someone you love or care for and what lesson you took from it? What profession do you consider to be the noblest and why? They say every family is weird. What about yours? How the weirdness of your family made you grow into a better person? Who of the public figures you would like to interview and why? What lesson did you take from one of your flaws? What childhood memory embodies the best who you are today? What social issue is the most compelling for you and why? Is there any law you would like to change? Why? Conclusion The college application essay is one of the most challenging and important assignments for any student. And an average student often finds it very complicated and scary. And it happens for some good reasons, while a great essay will open lots of doors for you. If you are not sure about having good skills to write your best college application essay, you can use our tips and make them yours, as well as read some of the college application essay examples to get a better idea of how it’s better to create the essay of your life. Remember that your future might depend on your college application essay, so it’s necessary to put some efforts and get some special skills to show your best self to the commission!

Wireless LAN Technology Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Wireless LAN Technology - Coursework Example WLAN TechnologyThe IEEE 802.11 WLAN technology is a network access technology used in provision of connectivity between wireless points and wired infrastructures of a network. It is generally known as the Wi-Fi which is an aggregate of different technologies. Intel has been a prolific contributor to the IEEE 802.11 standards whose main work is centered on improving QoS, increasing transmission range as well as speeds, and adding new capabilities. The IEEE 802.11 WLAN technology is an extensive family made up of different technologies which are tied to a variety of protocols that have been emerging since the introduction of IEEE 802.11 in 1999 [2, 3]. The protocols include IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11e, IEEE 802.11i, IEEE 802.11u, IEEE 802.11w, IEEE 802.11s, IEEE 802.11ac, and IEEE 802.11ad [2]. One main difference between these standards is data rate [4]. Some IEEE 802.11 protocols are integrated into networking chipsets to form IEEE 802.11 WLAN technologies which are available for purchase. These protocols include IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11n, and IEEE 802.11g [2, 4]. Before purchasing any chipset, the technology beneath it must be examined. This involves examining their performance based on the IEEE 802.11 protocols integrated into them. The differences in the WLAN technologies can be categorized based on frequency, typical data rate, maximum data rate, and range. For instance, IEEE 802.11b was introduced in September 1999.

Conflict Management Styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conflict Management Styles - Essay Example Prevention of conflicts can have dire consequences on productivity. This is because it is through conflict resolution that underlying issues affecting the employees are resolved. It is also through conflict that eventually people get to understand each other and hence work better together in future. There are many approaches that are used by organizations to deal with conflict at the workplace and of course each approach yields different outcomes. Some of these conflict management approaches include avoidance, negotiation, arbitration, litigation or dismissal and transfer of irreconcilable employees. In most cases organizations will apply a combination of two or more conflict management tactics. In my workplace the popular conflict management approach used is avoidance. This approach takes the form of simply ignoring conflicts among employees in the hope that the issues of contention will disappear. Needless to say this approach only suppresses conflict and aggravates the problems. With time the conflicts become irrepressible and erupt to scandals. Disgruntled employees sabotage office resources and in case the conflict is among co-workers the scenario may take to physical confrontation. This tarnishes the image and reputation that an organization takes so much to build. Another approach used at my workplace is instant transfer of one or both parties to the conflict and in some cases dismissal. This approach has its pros and cons in that transfers can have an adverse effect on the employee and the same for dismissal. However, other times it has been used to dilute tension betwee n worker with bad blood. Separation thus seems to be very logical. Management at the workplace should ensure that it refrains from using such a technique. The techniques used at my workplace contradict with my personal conflict management preferences at varying degrees. I highly believe that avoiding a problem in the hope that it goes away does not help. Communication is crucial to conflict management. It is important to note that conflict mounts slowly from simple arguments then accumulates to intolerable tensions culminating to conflicts. Management can contain and dissolve these arguments and tensions before it translates to conflict. This is possible by monitoring employee relations and identifying potential conflicts. (Nelson & Quick, 2006). In addition, frequent open discussions among the employees and the management can help to quell discontent felt by the workforce before it matures to conflicts and scandal. Further, proper channels and policies that clearly outline the organization's stance on conflict and the expected code of conduct at the organization can help to alleviate conflict. For example, harassment is popular at th e workplace because the organizations lack clear cut rules and regulations to govern relationship among people in the workforce. Women especially fall victim to sexual harassment from their bosses and managers and in most cases feel helpless and turn to conflict in order to grab attention of others. If proper codes of conduct are placed then conflicts at the workplace can be managed. Another shortfall of transfers and dismissal of parties to conflict is that it assumes that only main participants are

Court Systems Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Court Systems Paper - Essay Example This is the system that protects us from chaos. We need to know more about it so that we can understand who we truly are as a people. One of the most significant court cases in recent years was the OJ Simpson trial which took place in California. This was a criminal case, involving an allegation that Simpson had killed his wife and her friend (Hunt). The difference between a criminal and a civil case is very important and is the result of burden placed on the accuser. In the criminal context, the accused must be found guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. In a civil suit, they must only be found guilty on a balance of probability. Criminal cases are usually brought by the People, as represented by a prosecutor. This happened in the OJ Simpson trial. In this case there was a jury who found Simpson not guilty. The defence and prosecution both make their cases before the jury, trying to convince the twelve people sitting there that they are right and the other side is wrong. Some court case s are very exciting, like the OJ Simpson trial, because they involve a lot of human passions (Cotterill). In the Simpson trial, television cameras were also permitted into the courtroom to televise the proceedings. This was something that hadn't really happened before. People get excited about the adversarial nature of the proceedings, which is something that is different than in other countries, where a more inquisitorial, or judge-directed proceeding, occurs. How did we come to have this system? In part, the courts were created by Congress and the Founding Fathers. Today, Congress has a lot of power over the system. As one site remarks: Congress has three other basic responsibilities that determine how the courts will operate. First, it decides how many judges there should be and where they will work. Second, through the confirmation process, Congress determines which of the President's judicial nominees ultimately become federal judges. Third, Congress approves the federal courts ' budget and appropriates money for the judiciary to operate. The judiciary's budget is a very small part — substantially less than one percent — of the entire federal budget (US Courts). There are a number of elements that go into the proper administration of justice in the United States. Indeed, there are so many elements that it is impossible to describe them all here in one place. One of the most important and preliminary issues is that of jurisdiction. Who should hear a matter and where should they hear it? If you commit a crime in another country, American courts will not concern themselves with it. They do not have jurisdiction over the matter. Likewise a court in Detroit does not care what happened in Orlando. There is also the matter of the level of the court. The Supreme Court, for example, is an appellate court and hears appeals. You cannot sue someone in the Supreme Court. Making sure that a court has jurisdiction to hear a case is a very important issue fo r lawyers. Making this rookie error is sure to get your case thrown out. The system exists as it is for a reason. The Constitution lays out the jurisdiction of the federal courts as follows: The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority; to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls; to all Cases of admiralty and